Monday, August 24, 2020

How Far Did the Position of Black Americans Improve in the Years 1945-1955?

The US military inclusion in WW2 was to lastingly affect social equality and supremacist mentalities. The contention welcomed on numerous progressions that would feature African American social liberties, for instance it made numerous occupations for dark individuals, in the protection business as well as to satisfy developing work need. Despite the fact that between 1945-1955 there was inconclusively progress made for the situation of dark Americans, there were additionally impediments to that progress. The number of inhabitants in urban areas in the north, for example, Detroit developed drastically as dark individuals moved during the war. In spite of the fact that there was significantly greater accessibility of work for African American’s, they would frequently discover they were oppressed, for example not getting equivalent compensation to white specialists. Bosses would for the most part utilize the guideline ‘Last to be employed, first to be terminated. ’ It was an irregularity for African Americans to be advanced as when they it would follow with walk outs and mobs from white specialists. So as to forestall the walk on Washington development, President Roosevelt consented to set up the Fair Employment Practices Commission so as to suit equivalent open doors for dark individuals in resistance industry occupations. This additionally prompted increment in labor employments, there was a 25% expansion in African Americans working in the iron and steel industry. The numbers utilized in taxpayer supported organization expanded from 50,000 to 200,000. Anyway it had its impediments, railways typically would not recruit dark individuals and in the Deep South preference stayed on work issues. The NAACP battled to challenge the ‘Plessy v. Ferguson’ precept. Imbalance was effortlessly seen in training. For instance inquire about indicated that the understudy educator proportion was 20% preferable in white schools over in back, notwithstanding this white instructors for the most part receiveda a lot bigger compensation in contrast with a dark instructor. The NAACP continued to sue for the benefit of dark understudies, which in the long run bringing about the ‘Brown v. Leading body of Education’ lawful case. Following the Brown case, Earl Warren who was the present Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, concurred that not exclusively was isolation in training unsettling for African Americans, yet isolation when all is said in done as well. Anyway this worked up fight in the south. The White Citizens board framed the ‘Southern Manifesto’ so as to battle the earthy colored case. There was additionally moderate advancement to the incorporation of government funded schools as The Supreme Court had not set a period limit, rather it had expressed movement to e finished with ‘deliberate speed. ’ There was likewise no activity implemented by President Eisenhower who was hesitant to abstain from blending further resistance. Inside and out, there was progress in monetary status for African Americans. Because of the making of worker's organizations and extremist gatherings, something was at long last being done about disparity for Blacks. Anyway this delicate activity was reg ularly confronted with commanding restriction, or essentially insufficient being done, along these lines preventing progress.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Essay --

Isaac Thomas Rett Syndrome Rett condition is a dynamic neurological issue that influences solely in females. The most fundamental side effects incorporate diminished discourse, intellectual handicaps, extreme absence of muscle control, little head size, and bizarre hand developments. A lady with a transformation in her MECP2 quality, has a half hazard with any pregnancy to pass on her X chromosome with the change. Rarely for ladies with Rett condition to have youngsters in light of the fact that the seriousness of the turmoil. The changed quality on the X chromosome that is liable for causing Rett disorder is the methyl CpG-restricting protein 2, MECP2 quality. The quality makes a protein that controls different qualities. At the point when a transformation happens in the MECP2, the protein it makes doesn't work appropriately. This is thought to neutralize ordinary neuron, nerve cell advancement. The seriousness of the condition in females is identified with the kind of change in the MECP2 quality and the leve l of cells that convey an ordinary duplicate of the MECP2 quality. Rett disorder is accepted to influence every single ethnic gathering and nationalities with an equivalent recurrence of around 1 case for each 10,000 to 15,000 live female births. Rett disorder is a X-connected predominant quality. This implies the transformation answerable for Rett disorder influences the quality situated on the X chromosome. Females accomplish two X chromosomes, one from each parent. Guys have one X and one Y chromosome. There is no solution for Rett condition. Treatment of patients with Rett condition centers around improving the indications present. Treatment may incorporate meds that compel seizures, diminish spasticity, and forestall rest unsettling influences. Sustenance is administered in females with Rett disorder because of their little form and the clogging related with the... ...romosome they convey can't make up for this change on their X chromosome. Females with a transformation in the quality that causes Rett Syndrome can endure on the grounds that the nearness of the second typical X chromosome somewhat makes up for the change on the other X chromosome. Book reference 1. Rett condition. Holly A. Ishmael, MS, CGC. what's more, Tish Davidson, A.M. The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders, Second Edition. Ed. Brigham Narins. Detroit: Gale, 2012. 2 vols. 2. Rett condition. Holly A. Ishmael, MS, CGC. The Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders. Ed. Laurie Fundukian. third ed. Detroit: Gale, 2010. 2 vols. 3. Rett condition. Rebecca J. Frey, PhD., Emily Jane. Willingham, PhD., and Laura Jean Cataldo, RN, EdD. The Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Health. Ed. Kristin Key. third ed. Detroit: Gale, 2012. 2 vols. Paper - Isaac Thomas Rett Syndrome Rett condition is a dynamic neurological issue that influences only in females. The most fundamental manifestations incorporate diminished discourse, psychological handicaps, extreme absence of muscle control, little head size, and uncommon hand developments. A lady with a change in her MECP2 quality, has a half hazard with any pregnancy to pass on her X chromosome with the transformation. Rarely for ladies with Rett condition to have kids in light of the fact that the seriousness of the turmoil. The changed quality on the X chromosome that is answerable for causing Rett condition is the methyl CpG-restricting protein 2, MECP2 quality. The quality makes a protein that controls different qualities. At the point when a transformation happens in the MECP2, the protein it makes doesn't work appropriately. This is thought to balance ordinary neuron, nerve cell advancement. The seriousness of the disorder in females is identified with the sort of change in the MECP2 quality and the level o f cells that convey a typical duplicate of the MECP2 quality. Rett disorder is accepted to influence every single ethnic gathering and nationalities with an equivalent recurrence of around 1 case for each 10,000 to 15,000 live female births. Rett condition is a X-connected predominant quality. This implies the change answerable for Rett condition influences the quality situated on the X chromosome. Females achieve two X chromosomes, one from each parent. Guys have one X and one Y chromosome. There is no remedy for Rett disorder. Treatment of patients with Rett condition centers around improving the side effects present. Treatment may incorporate prescriptions that compel seizures, lessen spasticity, and forestall rest unsettling influences. Nourishment is managed in females with Rett condition because of their little form and the obstruction related with the... ...romosome they convey can't make up for this change on their X chromosome. Females with a change in the quality that causes Rett Syndrome can endure in light of the fact that the nearness of the second typical X chromosome incompletely makes up for the transformation on the other X chromosome. Book index 1. Rett disorder. Holly A. Ishmael, MS, CGC. what's more, Tish Davidson, A.M. The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders, Second Edition. Ed. Brigham Narins. Detroit: Gale, 2012. 2 vols. 2. Rett disorder. Holly A. Ishmael, MS, CGC. The Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders. Ed. Laurie Fundukian. third ed. Detroit: Gale, 2010. 2 vols. 3. Rett disorder. Rebecca J. Frey, PhD., Emily Jane. Willingham, PhD., and Laura Jean Cataldo, RN, EdD. The Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Health. Ed. Kristin Key. third ed. Detroit: Gale, 2012. 2 vols.

Sunday, July 19, 2020

Bellevue

Bellevue Bellevue bel ´vyo?o [key]. 1 City (1990 pop. 30,982), Sarpy co., E Nebr., a suburb of Omaha, on the Missouri River; inc. 1855. A railroad junction, it has manufacturing (fertilizers, computer and communication equipment, food, apparel, concrete products, whirlpool baths, feed) and telecommunications services. The oldest city in the state, Bellevue was a trading post in the early 1800s and the site of a Presbyterian Native American mission in the 1840s and 50s. The Strategic Air and Space Museum is there. 2 City (1990 pop. 86,874), King co., W Wash., on Lake Washington opposite Seattle and connected to it by two floating bridges; inc. 1953. Manufactures include computers, machinery, electrical equipment, aircraft parts, food, building materials, medical equipment, chemicals, fertilizers, and paper products; there is printing and publishing. It has one of the most extensive networks of office complexes in the Pacific Northwest and the state's largest shopping center. The Columbi a Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Thursday, May 21, 2020

Compare and Contrast of Sunnys Blues and Cathedral

Compare and Contrast of â€Å" Cathedral â€Å" and â€Å" Sonny’s Blues â€Å" The two stories that will be examined in this essay are two that may not appear to have a great deal in common, but once we look deeper in to the stories it becomes clear that they are similar but still have their own identities, finding strong differences and similarities is the goal of this paper. These stories are â€Å" Cathedral â€Å" which was written by Raymond Carver in nineteen eighty three, and â€Å" Sonny’s Blues â€Å" which was written by James Baldwin in nineteen fifty seven. Both writers Baldwin and Carver were American writers and poets that were famous for†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (277). Both stories start with the narrators being very uncomfortable with their fellow protagonists however they slowly are able to be with their guests without feeling the immense pressure. At the end of â€Å" Cathedral â€Å" Robert and the narrator are watching a T.V program talking about cathedrals and Robert asks the narrator to describe it to him. The narrator struggles to verbally describe the building so Robert has him draw it while he places his hand on the narrator’s while he draws, the T.V program ends and the station is off the air but the narrator does not care, he is enjoying himself and is immersed in what he is doing with Robert † I couldn’t stop. â€Å"(109). The wife even wakes up and begs to know what they are doing but neither of them care much and continue with the experience they are having together. In â€Å" Sonny’s Blues â€Å" the narrator and Sonny go to a club where Sonny will be playing with his band, the narrator is still slightly uncomfortable with Sonny but once he hears Sonny playing and sees all of Sonny’s friends gathering around him and loving him, he realizes that Sonny is his own man. The trouble the narrator had with Sonny is that even though he and Sonny are both adults now he still feels the need to

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Ethics Of Business Ethics Essay - 2141 Words

Understanding Business Ethics In business, there are fundamentals that organizations should follow to be successful. One would say that a company should have morals and rules they follow within the business. In order to know what business ethics are, one would have to know the meaning of ethics. Ethics can be defined as a behavior that is determined to be right or wrong and it involves the way people think and treats others. Ethics can be cultural, valued, or society based, depending on the person’s upbringing. It is often that ethical dilemma interferes with everyday life, especially in the workforce. This is known as business ethics. â€Å"Business ethics involves the application of standards of moral behavior to business situations† (Bethel, 2016, p.24). Overall, business ethics is a discipline which is the fast attracting attention of many organizations. Ethics is always questionable. What you feel is right, may be wrong to the next person. Some people have values that they are instilled in them when they are young and others learn and pick up things on the way. There is always conflict in ethics. As the book mentioned, lying is wrong but what if it is to protect someone you love, is it excused? Some would say it is biased and people choose when they want to be ethical or they choose to eliminate it when they feel it is a reason to do so. Is simply doing what u feel is right always ethical? Most people would say yes because that is what they believe. Ethics also has aShow MoreRelatedEthics And Ethics Of Business Ethics1304 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Ethics Varun Shah University of Texas at Dallas Business Ethics Morals are a crucial part of life. Without having principles one would never be able to distinguish the right from wrong and good from evil. Just as it applies to life in general, ethics is an integral part of doing business as well. When we here the term Business Ethics in our work place, we usually do not take it seriously and brush it off saying ‘it’s just a simple set of basic rules like not cheating and so on’. ThisRead MoreEthics And Ethics Of Business Ethics1624 Words   |  7 Pagesinvestors losing their retirement accounts and many employees lost their jobs (Accounting-Degree.org, 2015). Crane and Matten (2010) argue â€Å"After all, despite many years of business ethics being researched and taught in colleges and universities, ethics problems persist and the public remains sceptical of the ethics of business†. The big problem we face is that ethical standards are declining because of insider trading of stocks and bonds, bribery, falsifying docume nts, deceptive advertising, defectiveRead MoreEthics And Ethics Of Business Ethics1200 Words   |  5 PagesEthics meaning in simple way for average person is what is right from wrong. According to Chris MacDonald (2010)† Ethics† can be defined as the critical, structured examinations of how we should behave - in particular, how we should constrain the pursuit of self-interest when our actions affect others. â€Å"Business ethics is the applied ethics discipline that address the moral features of commercial activity (Business ethics, 2008).Working in ethical way in business has a lot of benefits which can attractRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics1471 Words   |  6 PagesReview Nowadays, the concern for business ethics is growing rapidly in the business community around the world. Business ethics are focused on the judgment of decisions taken by managers and their behaviors. The issue regarding these judgments is the norms and cultures that shape these judgments. Business ethics are concerned about the issue, how will the issue be solved and how will it move ahead along the transition analysis as well (Carroll, 2014). Business ethics can be addressed at differentRead MoreBusiness Ethics : Ethics And Business943 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussions in Business is Ethics. Some people believe that the decisions businesses make in interest of the business has no place in ethics and that they are essentially amoral. These businesses believe that their main objective is to simply make a profit and that it does not affect the success of the business. Whereas some businesses believe that they have to take ethics into consideration, in order for their business to be a success. Richard T. De George (1999) states that ethics and business do notRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics Essay2711 Words   |  11 PagesBusiness Ethics Business ethics is a type of professional ethics or applied ethics which examines moral problems and ethical principles that come up in a corporate environment. It is applied to every aspect of conducting business. According to Milton Friedman, a company has the responsibility to generate as much revenue as it can while still conforming to the basic rules that society has set. These rules include the ones embodied in customs as well as in law. Similarly, Peter Drucker stated thatRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics Essay1097 Words   |  5 PagesResource A discusses how ethics is crucial in business. There are three key ideas used to understand this. Firstly, making ethically wrong decisions tend to cause more upset than other general mistakes as purposeful unethical actions are not as easily forgiven or forgotten. Secondly, ethics provides businesses with a broader understanding of everything to do with their business. Business ethics is effectively just business it its larger hu man context. Thirdly, being unethical can tarnish the publicRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics1064 Words   |  5 Pages    Business Ethics Ethics can be viewed as the rules and values that determine goals and actions people should follow when dealing with other human beings. However, business ethics can be defined as moral principles of a business. It examines moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. Generally, it has both normative and descriptive dimensions. Organization practice and career specialization are regarded as normative whereas academics attempting to understand business behaviourRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics757 Words   |  4 Pagesdeciding what to do in certain situations, ethics is what guides an individual to act in a way that is good, or right. Those involved in business settings apply ethics to business situations, known as business ethics. It is expected of businesses, small and large, to follow business ethics. There is a particular framework businesses are to follow. However, the reoccurring news headlines of poor business ethics prove differently. Poor busine ss ethics include bribery, corporate accounting scandalsRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Business Ethics1431 Words   |  6 Pages BUSINESS ETHICS INTRODUCTION:- Presentation Ethics are exceptionally regular and essential good esteem that helps us to take the right choice where we think that it hard to pick between our own advantages and the correct thing to do. We are going to talk about three sections of morals Behavioral morals, Bounded ethicality and last one is irreconcilable situation. As from the names of these parts of morals, its verging on clarifying the significance of it. It clarifies why great individuals

Distributed System Failure Types Free Essays

Distributed Systems A distributed system is a computer system that consists of a collection of computers that share certain characteristics. The first characteristic that these computers share is the use of a common network. Another trait of this system is the computers share software that enables the computers to coordinate their activities, often across large distances. We will write a custom essay sample on Distributed System Failure Types or any similar topic only for you Order Now The sharing of system resources is another characteristic of distributed systems and those resources are usually available from an integrated computing facility. Fault Tolerance In a distributed system, fault tolerance is something that needs to be taken into account to prevent catastophic situations and data loss. Fault olerance is simply the ability of a system to continue operating in the event of undesired changes to the external environment or internal structure of the system occurs. Types of failure There are several key types of failure related to distributed systems. The first of these is hardware failure. Hardware failure refers to the failure of any single component within the system. The second type of failure within a distributed system is network failure. Network failure is the failure of any single link within the entire distirbuted system network. The third type of failure within a distributed system is application failure. Application failure occurs when an application stops working or fails to operate correctly within a distributed system. The last type of failure in a distributed system is the failure of synchronization. The type of failure occurs when data on different point of the system are not synchronized correctly. Hardware Failure Within a distributed system there are many different types of hardware. If any one of the hardware components within a distributed system should fail, the failure could affect the distributed system as a whole. Taken in the most literal sense, individual keyboards, mice, monitors, and computers are all hardware and failure of any one of those would affect the distributed system because it could cause a single node to be unavailable for use. This is an example of failure that has a very minimal impact on the performance of the overall system. On the flip side of that, the failure of a server within the distributed system would have a tremendous affect on the performance of the system as a whole. Fault tolerance requires the distibuted system to have redundant hardware capabilities so that no single component could fail and have a detrimental effect on the system. Network Failure One of the key characteristics of a distributed system is the use of a network as a common link to share applications, data, and resources. As with hardware failures, network failures can occur on different scales. One example of a network failure would be the loss of a wireless access point in a location where there is no capacity for a wired connection. Loss of wireless connectivity could potentailly affect many users depending on the situation. Another example of a network failue would be the loss of a router. The loss of a router on a large network would have a negative impact on all users and equipment connected to it. Fault tolerance would require redundant routes to allows users to maintain their connection in the case of a failed router and the availability of wired connections or duplicate wireless access points, in the case of the failure of a single wireless access point. http://www. answers. com/topic/fault-tolerant http://www. answers. com/topic/distributed-system How to cite Distributed System Failure Types, Papers

Sunday, April 26, 2020

Win2k Essay Example For Students

Win2k Essay Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional, Windows 2000 Server, and Windows 2000 Advanced Server Release Notes This document provides late-breaking or other information that supplements the Microsoft Windows 2000 documentation. Information in this document, including URL and other Internet Web site references, is subject to change without notice. Unless otherwise noted, the example companies, organizations, products, people, and events depicted herein are fictitious and no association with any real company, organization, product, person, or event is intended or should be inferred. Complying with all applicable copyright laws is the responsibility of the user. Without limiting the rights under copyright, no part of this document may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), or for any purpose, without the express written permission of Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft may have patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights covering subject matter in this document. Except as expressly provided in any written license agreement from Microsoft, the furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property. We will write a custom essay on Win2k specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now 1999 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, MS-DOS, Active Directory, DirectX, FrontPage, NetMeeting, Outlook, PowerPoint, Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual FoxPro, Visual InterDev, Visual Studio, Windows, Windows Media, and Windows NT are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries/regions. This product contains graphics filter software; this software is based in part on the work of the Independent JPEG Group. The names of actual companies and products mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners. Contents Introduction Networking and Communications Change and Configuration Management (IntelliMirror) Windows Management Instrumentation Security Directory Services Component Services Microsoft Data Access Components Internet Services Microsoft Windows 2000 Server Media Services Storage Notes Hardware Application Notes Printing Notes Terminal Services Windows 2000 Advanced Server Introduction This document provides late-breaking or other information that supplements the Microsoft Windows 2000 documentation. The Windows 2000 compact disc (CD) includes the following release notes files: Read1st.txt, which contains important preinstallation information and is located in the Windows 2000 CD root directory Installation chapters from the Getting Started Guide, which include system requirements information and are located in the Setuptxt folder on your Windows 2000 CD Readme. doc, which contains compatibility and post-installation notes and is located in the Windows 2000 CD root directory The Hardware Compatibility List. For the most up-to-date list of supported hardware, see the Hardware Compatibility List at the Microsoft Web site (http://www.microsoft.com/hcl/). Your Windows 2000 CD includes a copy of this list (drive:SupportHcl.txt) that was accurate as of the date Windows 2000 was released. To review the latest Application Compatibility information, see the Microsoft Windows 2000 Product Compatibility Web site at: http://www.microsoft. com/windows2000/compatible/ To review the latest release notes and updated information for Windows 2000, see the Microsoft Knowledge Base on the Microsoft Personal Online Support Web site at: http://support.microsoft.com/support/ Networking and Communications The following sections describe Windows 2000 issues related to networking and communications. Routing and Remote Access This section describes a known issue related to Windows 2000 Routing and Remote Access. Enabling Windows NT 4.0 RAS Servers in a Windows 2000 Domain If you are using Windows NT 4.0 Remote Access Service (RAS) servers in a Windows 2000 domain, they must be running Service Pack 4 (SP4) or later. Otherwise, they cannot access the Windows 2000 domain controllers to verify that a user has dial-in permissions. Also, if you set up a Windows NT 4.0 RAS or Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) server as a member of a Windows 2000 domain, you must make certain adjustments to Active Directory so that the server can access the Remote Access credentials of domain accounts. You can adjust Active Directory to allow Windows NT 4.0 RAS servers by using either of the following methods: When you create a Windows 2000 domain by using the Active Directory Installation wizard to upgrade a server to a domain controller, select the option to allow legacy servers to access Active Directory. .u7524542b555b5323a608261c04c3d88d , .u7524542b555b5323a608261c04c3d88d .postImageUrl , .u7524542b555b5323a608261c04c3d88d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7524542b555b5323a608261c04c3d88d , .u7524542b555b5323a608261c04c3d88d:hover , .u7524542b555b5323a608261c04c3d88d:visited , .u7524542b555b5323a608261c04c3d88d:active { border:0!important; } .u7524542b555b5323a608261c04c3d88d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7524542b555b5323a608261c04c3d88d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7524542b555b5323a608261c04c3d88d:active , .u7524542b555b5323a608261c04c3d88d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7524542b555b5323a608261c04c3d88d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7524542b555b5323a608261c04c3d88d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7524542b555b5323a608261c04c3d88d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7524542b555b5323a608261c04c3d88d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7524542b555b5323a608261c04c3d88d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7524542b555b5323a608261c04c3d88d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7524542b555b5323a608261c04c3d88d .u7524542b555b5323a608261c04c3d88d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7524542b555b5323a608261c04c3d88d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Fitness and Training Principles Essay If you enabled this access when you created the domain, no further action is required. If you add a Windows NT 4.0 RAS